Difference between TCP/IP and OSI model

Bymihir February 4, 2017January 13, 2025

OSI stands for Open System Interconnection. OSI is a reference model and it is used only for educational purposes.
On the other hand, TCP/IP, named after two of its most popular protocol, Transfer Protocol and Internet Protocol, is used everywhere.

Both of these are models which represents logically what is going on. There are different protocols, present at different layers of these models, who does all the work. There is no role of model itself.

The OSI model is a more detailed one. TCP/IP is a more simplified 4-layer model.

Cyber Security Basics | Information

What is NAT?

Bymihir January 31, 2017January 13, 2025

Network Address Translation. In order to understand NAT, we first need to understand private address and public address.

Cyber Security Basics | Email Security

Email Headers: What is SPF, DKIM, DMARC?

Bymihir January 7, 2021January 13, 2025

You must have come across these terms while looking up for email security or trying to identify a phishing email. These are actually methods used to identify whether the email received is from a legitimate source or not. Let’s get started with SPF or Sender Policy Framework. It’s a record maintained with the sender organization’s…

Defensive Security | Cyber Security Basics | Information

What is Ransomware? Defend against ransomware.

Bymihir February 6, 2023January 13, 2025

Ransomware is a kind of software which holds system/systems hostage for money (usually cryptocurrency like bitcoin). Once the ransom is paid, victim is provided with a “key” to unlock the affected systems. Ransomware holds the system by encrypting victim’s files. This can cause significant dent on business’s operation as the encrypted files are often critical….

Cyber Security Basics

Cyber Kill Chain: 7 stages of a cyber attack

Bymihir January 16, 2021January 13, 2025

Cyber Kill Chain is a framework that tells us how an attack is executed. This model can also be used to build a good cyber security program. This attack chain help us understand how Advance Persistence Threats (APT), Ransomware, security breaches, etc get into our network and how we can fight them at different stages….

Email Security | Cyber Security Basics | Information

Types of Email Attacks

Bymihir January 22, 2025January 22, 2025

There are multiple types of Email Attacks, and we unknowingly have a habit of calling them as Phishing Emails. It is important to understand different types of email attacks because it helps in raising Security Awareness. We are going to cover some well-known unwanted email types in our inbox. Spam Email Spam emails are generally…

Defensive Security | Cyber Security Basics

Main components of a SIEM Tool

Bymihir January 11, 2025January 13, 2025

SIEM also known as Security Information and event management tools are kind of log aggregation tools which helps you to view raw logs in a readable format. These raw logs can have any source like a firewall, a mobile phone or even a smart fridge. The SIEM tool helps presenting these logs in a format…

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